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- Question: The most important contribution of the agricultural sector is to provide
- incremental markets for new products manufactured in the industrial sector. Answer: The
- contribution of the agricultural sector not only provide incremental markets for new
- products manufactured in the industrial sector, it also has contribution on increasing the
- supply of food and new material to other sectors, tax revenue to the government to provide
- "investable surplus" to other expending sectors and to provide foreign exchange.
- The first contribution of agricultural sector is to provide sufficient food for the labors
- in the industrial sector. From Lewis's balanced growth model, we know that if supply of
- good to the modern sector cannot catch up with the demand of food in the modern sector, the
- modern sector has to spend a large amount of money to import food to feed the labors and
- have reduce the accumulation of capital. As indicated by J. Mellow: " It is in practice and
- in concept that it is possible for the agricultural sector to provide new productivity!"
- The agricultural sector also provide "investable surplus" and tax revenue to other
- expending sectors. The excess supply of labors in the LDCs reduce the bargaining power of
- the labors. As a result, their wages are assumed to be constant. As labors shift to modern
- sectors from agri. sector, the productivity of the agri. sector will increase(MPL
- increase). There will have some surplus and the landlord will use these surplus to reinvest
- to the agri. sector, drive up the MPL further. In this case, the TPPL will increase, with
- given number of labor, the productivity increase due to new equipment, the surplus further
- increase and the landlord will further expend their investment. Another contribution is tax
- revenue. The increasing productivity of agri. sector provide resources to other sectors. If
- the resources are used productively, the effect can be accerlated! The new resources refer
- to supply of labor, new material and food. The increase production of food not only to
- feed the labor in modern sector and also to feed the high growth rate of population. The
- demand of food can be defined as below: D = P + nG D: the rate of demand of food
- P: rate of population growth
- G: rate of real income growth
- n: income elasticity of demand for agri. product
- Refer to Mellow, the income elasticity of demand on agri. product is high (0.6 or higher) in
- LDCs when compare with HDCs(0.2-0.3). Therefore, as labor shift to modern sector and income
- increase which give rise to higher demand for the agri. products, and labors of the agri.
- sector increase , more land will be free out and tax revenue pay to the government. An
- example is in Japan, in last 2 decades, Japanese government received 80% of their revenue
- from land and from the direct production income tax, it is about 12-22% from agri. sector
- and only 2-3% in non-agri. sector. The increase in government revenue can help the
- government to increase investment in SOC and improve educational level and impose other
- programs to help the economic growth.
- Another contribution is to increase the incremental markets for new products manufactured
- in industrial sector. As the real income of labor in agri. sector increase, they can spend
- more on consumption good and provide a market for the industrial sector. The last
- contribution of agri. sector is the supply of foreign exchange. It is clear that increase
- export of primary products is the first stage of the LDCs. As the productivity of agri.
- sector increase, excess products will be exported to earn more foreign exchange. Since in
- the first stage, the output of industrial sector is small and the quality is not good due
- to lack of new tech. and equipment. Therefore, the nation has to rely solely on exporting
- agri. sector. The earning of foreign exchange can provide the government fund to invest in
- SOC and purchase new equipment for modern sector. To conclude, agri. sector is very
- important to the growth of economic. In most of LDCs, the government only concentrate on
- expanding industrial sector and neglect the agri. sector. And it generated many problems
- like lack of foreign exchange, lack of food supply. Therefore, The LDCs should put equal
- weight to both sectors.
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